WITH Pope Benedict XVI now officially in
retirement, Catholic cardinals from around the world began, on Friday, the
process of picking the next leader of the world’s largest church.
Some details are still not clear, owing to
Benedict’s break with the tradition that papacies end with a pope’s death, so
these “princes of the Church” will first hold an informal session before
traditional rounds of talks begin on Monday.
No front-runner stands out among the 115 cardinal
electors, those aged under 80 due to enter the Sistine Chapel for the conclave
that picks the new pope, so discreetly sizing up potential candidates will be
high on the cardinals’ agenda. They will also use the general congregations, the
closed-door consultations preceding a conclave, to discuss future challenges
such as better Vatican management, the need for improved communication and the
continuing sexual abuse crisis.
Benedict ended his eight-year reign on Thursday, pledging
unconditional obedience to whoever succeeds him to lead the world’s 1.2 billion
Catholics at one of the most problematic periods in the Church’s 2,000-year
history. “The discussion we have in the congregations will
be most important for the intellectual preparation” for choosing a pope, said
Boston’s Cardinal, Sean O’Malley, adding that the electors were already
preparing spiritually for the vote by intense prayer.
“I would imagine each of us has some kind of list
of primary candidates, and others secondary,” said Cardinal Francis George of
Chicago, at a media briefing with O’Malley and another American cardinal,
Daniel DiNardo of Galveston-Houston.
Conclaves are among the world’s most secretive
elections, with no declared candidates, no open campaigning and electors who
often do not know more than a few dozen men in the room. Electors are sworn to secrecy about the actual
voting itself. George said cardinals consulted other electors
before the conclave to learn more about possible choices, asking, “what do you
know about this candidate” or “what kind of person is he?”
O’Malley, at his first conclave and already being
mentioned in Italian media as a potential candidate, said he had been “using
the Internet a lot” to read up on other cardinals. Conclaves traditionally begin 15 days after the
seat of St. Peter, as the papal office is called, becomes vacant. But that
includes time for mourning and funeral ceremonies for a dead pope, so Benedict
issued a decree allowing an earlier start.
From Monday, the cardinals will discuss how long
they want to hold general congregations before going into the conclave; its
name comes from the Latin term “cum clave” with a key to show they are locked
away until a pope is chosen. Cardinals over 80 cannot join them in the voting,
but they are allowed to attend the general congregations and discuss the
challenges to the Church with the electors.
Nothing is set yet, but the Vatican seems to be
aiming for an election by mid-March so the new pope can be installed in office
before Palm Sunday on March 24 and be in office to lead the Holy Week services
culminating in Easter the following Sunday. The cardinals will not see a top secret report
prepared for Pope Benedict on mismanagement and infighting in the Curia, the
Church’s bureaucracy, but its three cardinal authors will be in the general
congregations to advise electors on its findings.
“Since we don’t really know what’s in the report,
I think we’ll depend on the cardinals in the congregations to share with us
what they think will be valuable for us to know to make the right decision for
the future,” O’Malley said. In an emotional farewell to cardinals on Thursday
morning in the Vatican’s frescoed Sala Clementina, Benedict appeared to send a
strong message to the cardinals and the faithful to unite behind his successor,
whoever he turns out to be.
The appeal was significant because for the first
time in history, there will be a reigning pope in the Vatican’s Apostolic
Palace and his retired predecessor living in a small monastery in the Vatican
Gardens not far away. Benedict left the Vatican by helicopter for the
papal summer residence of Castel Gandolfo south of Rome to be far from the
conclave and not influence it. He will move into the monastery when refurbishing
is finished in about two months.
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